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3.4End of a hand A hand can end in two ways: by exhaustive draw (no-one declares a win after the discard after the last tile) or by one or more players declaring a win. Chombo results in a redeal and does not count as a hand. At the end of a hand players should never look at tiles in the wall.	3.4End of a hand A hand can end in three ways: by exhaustive draw (no-one declares a win after the discard after the last tile), by abortive draw or by one or more players declaring a win. Chombo results in a redeal and does not count as a hand.
3.4.1Last tile The last tile in the wall can only be claimed for a win, not for a kong, pung or chow. In case a kong is declared at the second-to-last tile, the replacement tile becomes the last tile. It is not allowed to declare a concealed kong on the last tile.	3.4.1Last tile The last tile in the wall can only be claimed for a win, not for a kong, pung or chow. In case a kong is declared at the second-to-last tile, the replacement tile becomes the last tile. It is not allowed to declare a concealed kong on the last tile.
3.4.2Exhaustive draw An exhaustive draw occurs if no-one declares a win after the discard after the last tile. The 14 tiles of the dead wall are not used. After an exhaustive draw the noten players (players who can’t or won’t show a tenpai hand) pay a penalty to tenpai (waiting) players (players who show a tenpai (waiting) hand). Players announce whether they are tenpai or noten in order: East declares first, then South, then West and finally North. It is permissible to declare out of turn, but the announcement cannot be changed. Players who have declared riichi are obliged to show their tenpai hands in case of an exhaustive draw. The total noten penalty amounts to 3000 points. If three players are tenpai, the noten player pays 1000 to each. If two players are tenpai, they each received 1500 points from a noten player. If only one player is tenpai he receives 1000 points from each of the noten players. If none or all players are tenpai no points are exchanged. After an exhaustive draw, a counter (100 point stick) is placed on the table at East’s righthand side. If the dealer rotates, the new East places the current number of sticks; e.g. if there were 2 sticks before the draw the 3 sticks are placed by the new East.	3.4.2Exhaustive draw An exhaustive draw occurs if no-one declares a win after the discard after the last tile. The 14 tiles of the dead wall are not used. After an exhaustive draw the noten players (a player who can’t or won’t show a tenpai hand) pays a penalty to tenpai (waiting) players (players who show a tenpai (waiting) hand). The total noten penalty amounts to 3000 points. E.g. if three players are tenpai, the noten player pays 1000 to each, whereas if only one player is tenpai he receives 1000 points from each of the noten players. A player is not considered tenpai if he is waiting only for a tile of which he already has 4. A player is still considered tenpai if all his waiting tiles are visible among the discards and declared sets. Players who have declared riichi are obliged to show their tenpai hands in case of an exhaustive draw. After an exhaustive draw, a counter is placed on the table at East’s right-hand side.
3.4.3Abortive draw Abortive draws are no longer used in EMA riichi rules.	3.4.3Abortive draw After an abortive draw no noten penalty is payed, and players who have declared riichi are not obliged to show their tenpai hands, except in case of four riichi declarations. After an abortive draw, a counter is placed on the table at East’s right-hand side. Abortive draw can occur in four ways: • A player who after his first draw in the uninterrupted first set of turns has at least nine different terminals and honours may declare an abortive draw. • No-one wins after the discard after the fourth kong, and the four kongs do not belong to the same player. • All players discard the same wind in the first uninterrupted set of turns. • All four players have declared riichi, and no-one declares a win on the discard on which the fourth player declares riichi. All players are obliged to show their tenpai hands.
3.4.4Handling riichi bets after drawn games In case of a drawn game, any riichi bets stay on the table to be claimed by the next player who declares a win.	3.4.4Handling riichi bets after drawn games In case of a drawn game (whether by exhaustive draw or abortive draw), any riichi bets stay on the table to be claimed by the next player who declares a win.
3.4.5Furiten If a waiting player can form a mahjong hand using one of his previous discards, he is furiten and is not allowed to claim a win on a discard. A player who is furiten can choose to change his hand to avoid being furiten (except if he has declared riichi). A player who is furiten, can still win on a self-drawn tile. A player who fails to claim a win on a discard that completes a mahjong hand, is temporarily furiten, even if the passed tile gives him no yaku, and he cannot claim a win on a discard in the current set of turns. The state of temporary furiten ends next time the player draws or claims a tile. However, if the player has declared riichi he remains temporarily furiten until the end of the hand. A player is never considered furiten on a self-drawn tile.	3.4.5Furiten If a waiting player can form a mahjong hand using one of his previous discards, he is furiten and is not allowed to claim a win on a discard. A player who is furiten can choose to change his hand to avoid being furiten (except if he has declared riichi). A player who is furiten, can still win on a self-drawn tile. A player who fails to claim a win on a discard that completes a mahjong hand, is temporarily furiten, even if the passed tile gives him no yaku, and he cannot claim a win on a discard in the current set of turns. If the set of turns is interrupted by claims for kong, pung or chow, the player is no longer temporarily furiten. The state of temporary furiten always ends when the player draws a tile, i.e. no player is ever considered furiten on a selfdrawn tile.
Furiten – example 1. If a waiting player can form a mahjong hand using one of his previous discards, he is furiten and is not allowed to claim a win on a discard, even if the hand completed with the previous discard is without a yaku. Consider a player with the following hand: The player has a three-sided wait for 3-6-9. The player is furiten if any of the three waiting tiles are among his discards.	Furiten – example 1. If a waiting player can form a mahjong hand using one of his previous discards, he is furiten and is not allowed to claim a win on a discard, even if the hand completed with the previous discard is without a yaku. Consider a player with the following hand: The player has a three-sided wait for 3-6-9. The player is furiten if any of the three waiting tiles are among his discards.
Furiten – example 2. Consider a player with the following hand: The player is waiting 1-4 circles. A discarded 7 circles does not make the player furiten. Only if one of the waiting tiles (1 or 4 circles) are among the discards is the player furiten.	Furiten – example 2. Consider a player with the following hand: The player is waiting 1-4 circles. A discarded 7 circles does not make the player furiten. Only if one of the waiting tiles (1 or 4 circles) are among the discards is the player furiten.
Furiten – example 3. Consider a player with the following hand: The player is waiting for three tiles: 4 and 7 circles and red dragon. If the player has discarded one of these tiles, he is furiten.	Furiten – example 3. Consider a player with the following hand: The player is waiting for three tiles: 4 and 7 circles and red dragon. If the player has discarded one of these tiles, he is furiten.
3.4.6Chombo Severe offenses are punished by chombo, after which there is a re-deal of the current hand. If a win is declared at the same time as a chombo occurs, the chombo is voided. In a tournament the chombo penalty is 20000 points which are deducted from the players overall tournament score after the game is finished and after the uma is added to the players‘ scores. Outside tournaments the chombo penalty is a reverse mangan payment: 4000 to East, 2000 to other players. If the offending player is East, 4000 is paid to each of the other players. The following offences are subject to chombo penalty: • Invalidly declaring a win and showing the tiles. The win can be invalid because the hand is not a valid winning hand or because the declaration was not valid. • Declaring riichi on a hand that is not waiting. This is determined only in case of a drawn game. In the case where a riichi hand is only considered noten because it was declared a dead hand after the riichi declaration, it is not considered a chombo, and only the noten penalty is paid. • Making an invalid concealed kong after declaring riichi (determined only if the offender declares a win or in case of a drawn game). • Attempting to claim a tile after the hand has been declared a dead hand. • Play cannot continue due to a mistake of a player. E.g. too many tiles were revealed for the game to continue fairly. After a chombo riichi bets are returned to the players who declared riichi, and there is a re-deal. No counter is placed, and the dealer does not rotate.	3.4.6Chombo Severe offenses are punished by chombo, after which there is a re-deal of the current hand. If a win is declared at the same time as a chombo occurs, the chombo is voided. The chombo penalty is the same size as a mangan payment: 4000 to East, 2000 to other players. If the offending player is East, 4000 is payed to each of the other players. The following offences are subject to chombo penalty: • invalidly declaring a win • declaring riichi on a hand that is not waiting (determined only in case of a drawn game) • making an invalid concealed kong after declaring riichi (determined only if the offender wins or in case of a drawn game) • exposing more than five tiles from the wall, the dead wall, the player’s or opponents’ hands • claiming a tile after the hand has been declared a dead hand After a chombo riichi bets are returned to the players who declared riichi, and there is a re-deal. No counter is placed, and the dealer does not rotate.
3.4.7Dead hand Some irregularities that are not punished by chombo result instead in a dead hand. A player who has a dead hand is not allowed to declare a win, kong, pung or chow, and can never be considered tenpai. The following irregularites result in a dead hand: • Invalidly declaring a win without showing the tiles. • Attempting to declare riichi on a open hand. • Attempting to declare riichi, but failing to call “riichi” or failing to rotate the discard • Too few or too many tiles on the hand. • Making an invalid kong, pung or chow. The mistake can be corrected if it is realized or pointed out before the discard is made. • Swap-calling. • A referee call may result in a dead hand, e.g. for passing information. In the case where a riichi hand is declared a dead hand after the riichi declaration, and the hand ends in an exhaustive draw, the noten penalty is paid, the case does not result in chombo.	3.4.7Dead hand Some irregularities that are not punished by chombo result instead in a dead hand. A player who has a dead hand is not allowed to declare a win, kong, pung or chow, and can never be considered tenpai. The following irregularites result in a dead hand: • too few or too many tiles on the hand • exposing tiles from an opponent’s hand or from the dead wall • making an invalid kong, pung or chow
3.4.8Minor irregularities Minor irregularites are generally not penalized. Please refer to Section 5 on Etiquette and tournament rules.	3.4.8Minor irregularities Minor irregularites are generally not penalized. Please refer to Section 5 on Etiquette and tournament rules.