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6.5Yaku list

Several yaku require the hand to be closed.
When a closed hand is won on a discard, the last group or pair is considered to be melded, but the hand is still closed.

Yaku are cumulative unless specified otherwise, so several yaku may be combined in the same hand.
Yakuman yaku are not cumulative.

4.2Yaku overview

Several yaku requires that the hand is concealed. A concealed hand can be won on a discard. If the discarded winning tile finishes a pung, the pung is considered open when scoring the minipoints, but the hand as such is still concealed.
The yaku are all cumulative, so several yaku may be combined in the same mahjong hand. E.g. a concealed hand with All Simples and Mixed Triple Chows is worth 4 yaku on a self-draw. If the hand is open, it is worth only one yaku. No more than thirteen fan can be obtained in this way.
Yakuman are not cumulative.

6.5.1One han yaku

4.2.1One fan yaku

Riichi — Riichi — [The hand must be closed]
Closed waiting hand declared at 1,000 points stake.

The player must declare riichi by clearly saying "riichi", rotating the discarded tile sideways and paying 1,000 points to the table by placing a stick by the discards.

If an opponent claims the rotated discard to win, the riichi declaration is voided and the 1,000 points are returned to the riichi declarer. If an opponent claims the rotated tile to make a group, the riichi declarer must rotate his next discard.
A player is not allowed to declare riichi if there are less than four tiles left in the wall.

A player who declared riichi can no longer change his hand. However, he may declare a concealed kong if he draws a tile matching a concealed pung, if this does not change the waiting pattern and if the three tiles can only be interpreted as a pung in the original riichi hand. (E.g. in case of three consecutive pungs in the same suit, no kong may be declared, since the tiles can be interpreted as three identical chows).

A player can declare riichi even if he's furiten.

Ippatsu — Ippatsu — [The hand must be closed]
A player who declares riichi will be rewarded for Ippatsu if he wins during the next uninterrupted set of rounds, including if he wins by self-draw on his next draw.
Calls for chow, pung or kong, including concealed kong declarations, interrupt the round, making Ippatsu invalid. Riichi declarations do not interrupt the round.

Double Riichi — Daburu riichi — [The hand must be closed]
A player who declares riichi on his first discard, during the very first un-interrupted set of turns, will be rewarded for Double Riichi.
Calls for chow, pung or kong, including concealed kong declarations, interrupt the round, making later Double Riichi invalid. Riichi declarations do not interrupt the round.

Riichi riichi Concealed waiting hand declared at 1000 points stake. See 3.3.12 for the detailed rules of declaring riichi. An extra yaku, ippatsu, is awarded for winning within the first un-interrupted set of turns after declaring riichi, including the next draw by the riichi declarer. If the set of turns is interrupted by claims for kong, pung or chow, including concealed kongs, the chance for ippatsu is gone.
An extra yaku, daburu riichi, is awarded for declaring riichi in the first set of turns of the hand, i.e. in the player’s very first turn. The first set of turns must be uninterrupted, i.e. if any claims for kong, pung or chow, including concealed kongs, has occurred before the riichi declaration, daburu riichi is not possible.

3.3.12Riichi
A player with a concealed waiting hand can declare riichi by clearly saying riichi, rotating the discarded tile sideways and paying 1000 points to the table by placing a stick by the discards. If an opponent claims the rotated discard for winning, the riichi declaration is invalid and the 1000 points are returned to the riichi declarer. If an opponent claims the rotated tile for a melded set, rotate your next discarded tile.
A player is not allowed to declare riichi if there are less than four tiles left in the wall.
The 1000 points goes back to the riichi declarer if he wins. If another is the winner of the current hand, he collects the 1000 points, and in case of a drawn game the riichi bet stays on the table to be claimed by the next player to win a hand.
A player who declared riichi can no longer change his hand. However, he may declare a concealed kong if a tile is drawn that matches a concealed pung, if this does not change the waiting pattern and if the three tiles to be konged can only be interpreted as a pung in the original riichi hand. (In case of three consecutive pungs in the same suit, no kong may be declared, since the tiles can be interpreted as three identical chows).
It is permissible for a player who is furiten to declare riichi. A player who after declaring riichi, chooses not to win on a discard that completes his hand, becomes furiten. A player who is furiten can still win on self-draw.
Riichi is a yaku. A player who wins in the first set of turns after the riichi declaration (including the player’s next draw) can claim an additional yaku for ippatsu. The ippatsu chance is lost if the set of turns is broken by claims for kong, pung or chow, including concealed kongs.
A player who wins after declaring riichi, reveals the tiles underneath the dora indicator and any kan dora indicators. These tiles indicate ura dora which can be claimed only by players who declared riichi.

4.2.1One fan yaku
Fully Concealed Hand — Menzen tsumo — [The hand must be closed]
Winning on a self-draw on a closed hand.

Fully Concealed Hand menzen tsumo Winning on a self-draw on a concealed hand.

Pinfu — Pinfu — [The hand must be closed]
The pinfu yaku is awarded for winning on a closed pinfu hand.
A pinfu hand is a hand worth no minipoints beside the 20 minipoints for winning and the 10 minipoints for winning on a discard on a closed hand. The 2 minipoints for winning by self-draw are omitted in order to qualify as a pinfu hand and thus to score the pinfu yaku.

Technically, a pinfu hand has four chows and a pair that is neither dragons, nor seat wind, nor prevailing wind; the winning tile completing a chow with a two-sided wait.

Pinfu pinfu Concealed all chows hand with a valueless pair. I.e. a concealed hand with four chows and a pair that is neither dragons, nor seat wind, nor prevailing wind. The winning tile is required to finish a chow with a two-sided wait. The hand is by definition worth no minipoints, only the base 30 on a discard or 20 on self-draw.

Pure Double Chow — Iipeikō — [The hand must be closed]
Closed hand with two completely identical chows, i.e. the same values in the same suit.

Pure Double Chow iipeikou Concealed hand with two completely identical chows, i.e. the same values in the same suit, e.g.:
2pin3pin4pin 2pin3pin4pin

All Simples — Tan'yao
Hand with no terminals and honours. The hand can be open or closed.

All Simples tanyao chuu Concealed hand with no terminals and honours.

Yakuhai — Yakuhai
Pung or kong of dragons, the player’s seat wind or the prevailing wind.
Multiple yakuhai combines.
If the player’s seat wind is the same as the prevailing wind, a pung or kong of this wind scores yakuhai twice.

Dragon Pung fanpai/yakuhai Pung/kong of dragons.

Seat Wind fanpai/yakuhai Pung/kong in player’s seat wind.

Prevailing Wind fanpai/yakuhai Pung/kong in the prevailing wind.

Robbing a Kong — Chankan
Winning on a tile that an opponent adds to a melded pung in order to make a kong. Since the kong is not declared successfully, no kan dora is revealed.
Robbing a Kong is scored as a win on a discard.
Robbing a Kong also applies when winning on Thirteen Orphans on a tile used by an opponent for making a concealed kong. A concealed kong can only be robbed in the case of Thirteen Orphans.

Robbing the kong chan kan Winning on a tile that an opponent adds to a melded pung in order to make a kong, see Section 3.3.7. Since the kong is not declared successfully, no kan dora is revealed. Counts as ron (win on a discard). Robbing the kong also applies when winning on Thirteens Orphans on a tile used by an opponent for making a concealed kong. Only in the case of Thirteen Orphans can a concealed kong be robbed.

After a Kong — Rinshan kaihō
Winning on a replacement tile after declaring a kong.
Counts as self-draw; the two minipoints for winning on self-draw are awarded.

After a kong rinshan kaihou Winning on a replacement tile after declaring a kong. Counts as self-draw.

Last Tile Draw — Haitei
Winning on self-draw on the last tile of the live wall.
If the last tile of the wall is a replacement tile drawn after a kong, only After a Kong will be scored. I.e. you cannot score Last Tile Draw and After a Kong together.

Under the Sea haitei Winning on self-draw on the last tile in the wall.

Last Tile Claim — Hōtei
Winning by claiming the discard after the last tile of the wall.
Under the Sea houtei Winning on the discard after the last tile in the wall. (This discard can only be claimed for winning, not for kong, pung or chow).

6.5.2Two han yaku

4.2.2Two fan yaku

Seven Pairs — Chiitoitsu — [The hand must be closed]
Closed hand with seven different pairs. Having two identical pairs invalidates this yaku.
Seven Pairs always scores exactly 25 minipoints; extra minipoints for e.g. a pair of dragons are not awarded.

Seven pairs chi toitsu Concealed hand with seven different pairs. Two identical pairs are not allowed. Seven Pairs always scores exactly 25 minipoints; extra minipoints for e.g. a pair of dragons is not awarded.

4.2.1One fan yaku
Pure Straight — Ikkitsukan / Ittsū — [Worth only one han if the hand is open]
Hand with three consecutive chows in the same suit.

Pure Straight itsu Hand with three consecutive chows in the same suit, e.g.:
1sou2sou3sou 4sou5sou6sou 7sou8sou9sou
Gives an extra fan if concealed.

Mixed Triple Chow — Sanshoku dōjun — [Worth only one han if the hand is open]
Hand with three chows of the same numerical sequence, one in each of the three suits.

Mixed Triple Chow san shoku doujun Hand with three chows of the same numerical sequence, one in each suit, e.g.:
1pin2pin3pin 1man2man3man 7sou8sou9sou
Gives an extra fan if concealed.

Outside Hand — Chanta — [Worth only one han if the hand is open]
All groups contain terminals or honours, and the pair is made of terminals or honours.
The hand must contain at least one chow.

Outside Hand chanta All sets contain terminals or honours, and the pair is terminals or honours. The hand contains at least one chow. Gives an extra fan if concealed.

4.2.2Two fan yaku
All Pungs — Toitoi
Hand with four pungs / kongs and a pair.

All Pungs toi-toi hou Hand with four pungs/kongs and a pair.

Triple Pung — Sanshoku dōkō
Hand with three pungs / kongs of the same number, one in each suit.

Triple Pung san shoku dokou Hand with three pungs/kongs, one in each suit, of the same number, e.g.:
4pin4pin4pin 4man4man4man 4sou4sou4sou

Three Concealed Pungs — San'ankō
Hand with three concealed pungs / kongs.
Note that the entire hand is not required to be closed.

Three Concealed Pungs san ankou Hand with three concealed pungs/kongs. Note, the entire hand is not required to be concealed.

Three Kongs — Sankantsu
Hand with three kongs.

Three Kongs san kan tsu Hand with three kongs.

All Terminals and Honours — Honrōtō
Hand containing only terminals and honours.
Add two han for All Pungs or Seven Pairs.
Does not combine with Outside Hand.

All Terminals and Honours honroutou Hand containing only terminals and honours. Add two yaku for All Pungs (toi-toi hou) or Seven Pairs (chi toitsu).

Little Three Dragons — Shōsangen
Hand with two pungs / kongs of dragons and a pair of dragons.
Add the two han for the individual pungs / kongs of dragons.
Little Three Dragons shou sangen Hand with two dragon pungs/kongs and a pair of dragons. Add the two yaku for the individual dragon pungs.

6.5.3Three han yaku

4.2.3Three fan yaku

Twice Pure Double Chows — Ryanpeikō — [The hand must be closed]
Closed hand with four chows forming two distinct Pure Double Chows.
Does not combine with Pure Double Chow.

Twice Pure Double Chows ryan peikou Concealed hand with four chows which two and two form Pure Double Chows, e.g.:
7pin8pin9pin 7pin8pin9pin 5man6man7man 5man6man7man
No additional yaku for Pure Double Chow (iipeiikou) are counted.

4.2.2Two fan yaku
Half Flush — Hon'itsu — [Worth only two han if the hand is open]
Hand with tiles from only one of the three suits, in combination with honours.

Half Flush honitsu Hand with tiles from only one of the three suits, in combination with honours. Gives an extra fan if concealed.

Terminals in All Groups — Junchan — [Worth only two han if the hand is open]
All groups contain terminals, and the pair is made of terminals.
The hand must contain at least one chow.
Does not combine with Outside Hand.
Terminals in All Sets junchan All sets contain terminals, and the pair is terminals. The hand contains at least one chow. Gives an extra fan if concealed.

6.5.4Mangan yaku

4.2.4Five fan yaku

All Terminals and Honours Discard nagashi mangan This special hand cannot be combined with any other hand. After an exhaustive draw, a player can claim this special hand if he has a concealed hand, has discarded only terminal and honour tiles and none of his discards has been claimed. The player does not have to be tenpai. The player receives payment equivalent to a self-drawn mangan, plus counters and riichi bets.

4.2.5Yakuman
Blessing of Man — Renhō — [The hand must be closed]
Winning on a discard in the very first un-interrupted set of turns, before the player has had his first turn.
Calls for chow, pung or kong, including concealed kong declarations, interrupt the round, making later Blessing of Man invalid. Riichi declarations do not interrupt the round.
Blessing of Man is not cumulative with other yaku and dora.
Blessing of Man renho Winning on a discard in the very first un-interrupted set of turns, before the player has had his first turn. Concealed kongs are also considered to interrupt the set of turns.

6.5.5Six han yaku

4.2.4bFive fan yaku

Full Flush — Chin'itsu — [Worth only five han if the hand is open]
Hand composed entirely of tiles from only one of the three suits, without any honours.
Does not combine with Half Flush.
Full Flush chinitsu Hand composed entirely of tiles from only one of the three suits. No honours allowed. Gives an extra fan if concealed.

6.5.6Yakuman yaku

4.2.5Yakuman

Blessing of Heaven — Tenhō — [The hand must be closed]
East player winning on his initial dealt tiles.
Not valid if the player declares a concealed kong.

Blessing of Heaven tenho East winning on his initial deal. Concealed kong is not allowed.

Blessing of Earth — Chihō — [The hand must be closed]
Winning on self-draw in the very first un-interrupted set of turns.
Calls for chow, pung or kong, including concealed kong declarations, interrupt the round, making later Blessing of Earth invalid. Riichi declarations do not interrupt the round.

Blessing of Earth chiho Winning on self-draw in the very first un-interrupted set of turns.
Concealed kong is not allowed.

Thirteen Orphans — Kokushi musō — [The hand must be closed]
Closed hand with one of each of the thirteen different terminal and honour tiles, plus one extra terminal or honour tile. The hand can be completed on any tile; it does not need to be waiting on thirteen different tiles.

As a special case, it's possible to rob a concealed kong to win on Thirteen Orphans.

Thirteen Orphans kokushi musou Concealed hand with one of each of the 13 different terminal and honour tiles plus one extra terminal or honour tile, e.g.:
1sou9sou1pin9pin1man9manredwhitegreeneastsouthwestnorth north

Nine Gates — Chūren pōto — [The hand must be closed]
Closed hand consisting of the tiles 1112345678999 in the same suit, plus any one extra tile in the same suit. The hand can be completed on any tile; it does not need to be waiting on nine different tiles.

Nine Gates chuuren pooto Concealed hand consisting of the tiles 1112345678999 in the same suit plus any one extra tile in the same suit, e.g.:
1man1man1man2man3man4man5man6man7man8man9man9man9man 7man

Four Concealed Pungs — Sūankō
Hand having four concealed pungs and/or kongs.
I.e. a closed hand with four concealed pungs, completed by self-draw or by claiming a tile to complete the pair.

Four Concealed Pungs suu ankou Concealed hand with four concealed pungs/kongs.
Winning on a discard is allowed only in case of single wait on the pair.

Four Kongs — Sūkantsu
Hand with four kongs.

Four kongs suu kan tsu Hand with four kongs.

All Green — Ryūiisō
Hand composed entirely of green tiles. Green tiles are: Green dragon and 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 of bamboo. The hand is not required to include the Green dragon.

All Green ryuu iisou Hand composed entirely of green tiles. Green tiles are: green dragons and 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 of bamboo. E.g.:
2sou2sou2sou 2sou3sou4sou 6sou6sou6sou greengreengreen 8sou8sou

All Terminals — Chinrōtō
Hand composed entirely of terminal tiles.

All Terminals chinrouto Hand composed entirely of terminal tiles.

All Honours — Tsūiisō
Hand composed entirely of honour tiles.

All Honours tsuu iisou Hand composed entirely of honour tiles.

Big Three Dragons — Daisangen
Hand with three pungs and/or kongs of dragons.
A player feeding the last pung or kong may be subject to liability payment.

Big Three Dragons dai sangen Hand with three pungs/kongs of dragons. In case of three melded dragon pungs/kongs, the player feeding the third set of dragons must pay for the entire hand in case of self-draw, and split the payment with the discarder in case of win on a discard. See section 3.3.6.

Little Four Winds — Shōsūshi
Hand with three pungs and/or kongs of winds and a pair of winds.

Little Four Winds shou suushii Hand with three pungs/kongs of winds and a pair of winds.

Big Four Winds — Daisūshi
Hand with four pungs and/or kongs of winds.
A player feeding the last pung or kong may be subject to liability payment.
Big Four Winds dai suushii Hand with four pungs/kongs of winds. This hand is rewarded double yakuman payment. In case of four melded wind pungs/kongs, the player feeding the fourth set of winds must pay for the entire hand in case of self-draw, and split the payment with the discarder in case of win on a discard. See section 3.3.6.

4.3Scoring examples

Scoring example 1.
3man3man 1man2man3man 1sou2sou3sou 4sou5sou6sou 7sou8sou 9sou
The winning tile is 9 bamboo on selfdraw. The hand is concealed. The player has declared riichi. The hand scores 1 yaku for Riichi, 1 yaku for Fully Concealed Hand, 1 yaku for Pinfu, 2 yaku for Pure Straight (because the hand is concealed). Total: 5 yaku. If there are no red fives, no dora, kan dora or ura dora, the hand value is 5 fan. 5 fan is the limit hand called Mangan and it scores 4000 from each if the winner is East; a total of 12000 points. If the winner is not East, he receives 4000 from East and 2000 from each of the other opponents; a total of 8000 points.

Scoring example 2.
3man3man 1man2man3man 1sou2sou3sou 4sou5sou6sou 7sou8sou 9sou
The winning tile is 9 bamboo on discard. The hand is concealed. The player has declared riichi. The hand scores 1 yaku for Riichi, 1 yaku for Pinfu, 2 yaku for Pure Straight (because the hand is concealed. Note that even though it is a claimed tile that finishes the Pure Straight, it still scores an extra yaku because the hand is concealed). Total: 4 yaku. Minipoints: 30 for going out on a discard on a concealed hand. Since it is a pinfu hand there are no further minipoints. If there are no red fives, no dora, kan dora or ura dora, the hand value is 4 fan, 30 minipoints, and it scores 11600 from the discarder if the winner is East. If the winner is not East, he receives 7700.

Scoring example 3.
3man3man 1sou2sou3sou 1sou2sou3sou 4sou5sou6sou 7sou8sou 9sou
The winning tile is 9 bamboo on discard. The hand contains a melded set. 7 bamboo is dora. The hand scores 1 yaku for Pure Straight. Total: 1 yaku. The hand scores an addtional fan for the dora tile. Minipoints: 20 for going out on an open hand, and an additional 2 minipoints for Open Pinfu. 22 minipoints are rounded up to 30 minipoints. The hand value is 2 fan, 30 minipoints, and it scores 2900 from the discarder if the winner is East. If the winner is not East, he receives 2000.

Scoring example 4.
3man3man3man 2pin2pin2pin 4pin4pin4pin 3sou3sou 8sou8sou 8sou
The winning tile is 8 bamboo on selfdraw. The hand is concealed. The hand scores a yakuman for Four Concealed Pungs. Further yaku or dora tiles are irrelevant since yakuman is the limit. If the winner is East, he receives 16000 from each; a total of 48000. If the winner is not East, he receives 16000 from East and 8000 from each of the other opponents; a total of 32000.

Scoring example 5.
3man3man3man 2pin2pin2pin 4pin4pin4pin 3sou3sou 8sou8sou 8sou
The winning tile is 8 bamboo on a discard. The hand is concealed. 4 circles is dora. Even though the hand is concealed, the last pung (which was finished with the claimed tile) is not considered concealed. The hand scores 2 yaku for Three Concealed Pungs, 2 yaku for All Pungs and 1 yaku for All Simples. Total: 5 yaku. The hand scores an additional fan for each of the dora tiles for a total of 8 fan. 8 fan is the limit hand called Baiman, and it scores 24000 points from the discarder if the winner is East. If the winner is not East, he receives 16000 points from the discarder.

Scoring example 6.
2man2man 3man3man r5man5man 2pin2pin 6pin6pin 3sou3sou 4sou 4sou
The winning tile is 4 bamboo on selfdraw in the set of turns immediately after the player has declared riichi. The hand scores 1 yaku for Riichi, 1 yaku for Ippatsu, 1 yaku for Fully Concealed Hand, 1 yaku for All Simples and 2 yaku for Seven Pairs. Total: 6 yaku. One of the fives is red so the hand scores a total of 7 fan. This is the limit hand called Haneman, and it scores 6000 from each if the winner is East; a total of 18000 points. If the winner is not East, he receives 6000 from East and 3000 from each of the other opponents; a total of 12000 points.

Scoring example 7.
greengreen 3man3man r5man5man 2pin2pin 6pin6pin 3sou3sou 4sou 4sou
The winning tile is 4 bamboo on a discard. The player had not declared riichi. The hand scores 2 yaku for Seven Pairs. One of the fives is red so the hand scores a total of 3 fan.
Minipoints: 25 for going out on Seven Pairs. The hand scores no further points even though there is a pair of dragons and a pair wait. The hand value is 3 fan, 25 minipoints, and it scores 4800 points from the discarder if the winner is East and 3200 points otherwise.

Scoring example 8.
3man3man4man4man5man5man 1pin1pin2pin2pin3pin3pin red red
The winning tile is red dragon on selfdraw. The hand is concealed and contains no dora tiles. The hand scores 3 yaku for Twice Pure Double Chow and 1 yaku for Fully Concealed Hand. The hand cannot also score for Seven Pairs, since a hand is either constructed as seven pairs or as four sets and a pair. Since the hand is more valuable when considered as four sets and a pair than when considered as seven pairs, the hand scores for Twice Pure Double Chow rather than for Seven Pairs. Minipoints: 20 for going out on selfdraw, 2 for pair wait, 2 for selfdraw, 2 for pair of dragons. 26 minipoints are rounded up to 30 minipoints. The hand value is 4 fan, 30 minipoints and it scores 3900 from each (a total of 11700) if the winner is East, and it scores 3900 from East and 2000 from the two other opponents otherwise (a total of 7900).

Scoring example 9.
1sou1sou 1sou2sou3sou 7sou8sou9sou easteasteast westwest west
The winning tile is west on a discard. 7 bamboo is dora. The player is East in an east round. The hand scores 2 yaku for Half Flush, 1 yaku for Seat Wind, 1 yaku for Prevailing Wind and 1 yaku for Outside Hand. Total: 5 yaku. The hand scores an additional fan for the dora tile, for a total hand value of 6 fan. The winner scores 18000 from the discarder.

Scoring example 10.
northnorthnorth 1pin1pin 2pin3pin4pin 5pin6pin7pin 8pin9pin 7pin
The winning tile is 7 circles on selfdraw. The hand is concealed. The player is South. The hand scores 3 yaku for Half Flush (because the hand is concealed) and 1 yaku for Fully Concealed Hand. Minipoints: 20 points for going out, 8 minipoints for a concealed pung of honours 2 minipoints for selfdraw and 2 minipoints for edge wait. Note that even though there is a three-sided wait, the winner chooses which set the winning tile finishes in such a way that the score is maximized. 32 minipoints are rounded up to 40 for a total hand value of 4 fan 40 minipoints, equivalent to a mangan in payment: 4000 from East and 2000 from the others for a total of 8000 points.